At age 18, Charles Oliver (C.O.) Fairbank entered Kingston's Royal Military College. He graduated four years later and travelled to England in 1880 where he served with the British Royal Artillery. Charles went on to study medicine in New York and eventually took over the family oil business in Petrolia.
In 1914, on the outbreak of the First World War, Charles was in California. He returned home to Petrolia where he was granted the rank of Major and began recruiting for the 70th Battalion. The Battalion travelled to Europe with Fairbanks, who by then was 59 years old.
Artifacts
Uniform, Cap and Satchel
Charles first served under the 70th Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Two metal badges identify the 70th on the collar of his jacket. Hidden under his cap, Charles wrote his initials and last name - C.O. Fairbank.
In April of 1916, Charles Fairbank and the Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) set sail for England. Fairbank's satchel was stamped with a 70th for the Battalion he was first assigned. He transferred to the 18th in England and marked the change by hand. Charles fought in the trenches at Ypres and the Somme.
Photographs
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The series of photographs above show C.O. Fairbank with his fellow soldiers in Steenvorde, France in August 1916. Incredibly, the journal that Fairbank kept during his service overseas in WWI actually documents this photography session. Fairbank wrote on August 24, 1916, "In PM went to town... Barns & I had photo together & later [Lochlan], Barnes, Nelson, Cook & Ross & I had pictures with helmets on & masks on."
Read the full article about these photographs by Pat McGee below, written in fall 2017:
Charlie Fairbank of Oil Springs, C.O. Fairbank’s grandson, donated the diary and the photos, spurred by the Lambton At War exhibit that was on at the Judith & Norman Alix Gallery in Sarnia in 2017. This material caught the attention of staff at the Lambton Heritage Museum while they were conducting research to support this exhibit and a lecture series about the major's participation in the First World War.
“My family has kept the diaries and photos of my grandfather, C.O. Fairbank, a major of the 70th Battalion and later joined the 18th Battalion at Ypres and the Somme,” said Fairbank. “By donating these items to the Lambton County Archives, historians and the public will gain new insights into the shelling, the horror of the trenches, and my grandfather’s incredible sense of duty. At the age of 58, he volunteered to go overseas on this dangerous mission, leaving behind a wife and his four young sons.”
One of the photos being donated shows Maj. Fairbank with his new recruits of the 70th Battalion at the west side of Fairbank’s mansion. It is believed this was taken in 1915.
Through some digging, the Fairbank archivist Colleen Inglis was able to piece together the story behind a series of three photos taken with Major Fairbank and five other officers. In one, they are in their regular uniforms, in another they wear their helmets and in a third, the same group are posed wearing their gas mask.
By transcribing Maj. Fairbank’s diary of 1916 to make it more accessible, she determined that the photos were taken on Aug. 24, 1916 in Steenvorde, France. The troops had been billeted and were all sleeping on hay in a barn. Tracking down a newspaper account of the photos in a Forest newspaper in 1916, she was able to identify who is in the photos.
“Captured at a peaceful moment, the picture of the men in gas masks is simultaneously lighthearted and terrifying, and it brings the people to life in a way that words alone cannot,” says Inglis. She noted that two of the men, Major S.M. Loghrin and Lieutenant R.B. Barnes were killed less than a month later, on Sept. 15, in the Battle of Courcelette and Lieutenant G.V. Nelson was killed in 1917.
The detailed diary, she says, provide a very vivid insight and document the first time he saw an airplane as well as his first sighting of a tank
Major Fairbank, who was 58 when he went overseas, returned to his family in 1916 and continued to live in the Fairbank mansion in Petrolia until his death in 1925. Earlier, he was the mayor of Petrolia, and the county warden. He was also a medical doctor, owned Vaughn and Fairbank bank as well as VanTuyl and Fairbank Hardware and was an active oil producer.
“These pictures are a unique and fascinating snapshot of history,” says Lambton County Archivist Dana Thorne. “They tell an important local story by featuring a prominent Lambton citizen, Charles Oliver Fairbank, but they also tell an important international story by situating him in France in the middle of the First World War.
“We are grateful that the Fairbank family is willing to donate this material to the Lambton County Archives, where it can be studied and appreciated by generations of researchers. We are also grateful that events such as the Lambton At War exhibit, on display at the JNAAG until February 4, help bring this type of material to the surface where it can be discussed and appreciated.”
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